What is diabetes mellitus and its symptoms?

 

 What is Diabetes Mellitus? Usually, after we eat or drink, our body will break down sugars from our food and use them for energy in our cells. To accomplish this, our pancreas needs to produce a hormone called insulin.

 Insulin facilitates pulling sugar from the blood and putting it in the cells for use, or energy. Diabetes mellitus occurs when insulin production is deficient This results in a high level of blood sugar in the body Without insulin, glucose cannot enter the body cells and is excreted through urine, resulting in its loss An increase in blood glucose concentration leads to the loss of water in cells, via osmosis, to blood To understand what happens in a diabetes patient, we need to understand what happens in the normal mechanism Whenever the blood glucose level increases, the pancreas responds by secreting insulin Insulin has two functions here, it converts glucose to glycogen and increases glucose metabolism in cells This is how the glucose levels fall and the blood sugar level goes back to normal The pancreas will secrete less insulin when the blood sugar level is low It decreases glucose metabolism and gives the chance for sugar levels to increase and return the blood sugar level to normal People with diabetes are having problems with their pancreas It produces insufficient insulin or none at all, halting its effectiveness to process glucose.

 This causes blood sugar levels to arise from the lack of glucose metabolism Meanwhile, the rest of the cells need the energy but are not supplied with any The cells’ deprivation leads to broad problems in nearly every central body system. 

 Types of Diabetes Diabetes has two main types: type 1 and type 2. 

 Type 1, also called juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes is an immune system disorder Our own immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, destroying our body’s ability to make insulin With type 1 diabetes, one must take insulin to live Most people are diagnosed as a child or young adult as it is inherited Its symptoms include frequent urination, thirst, fatigue, insulin shock, and diabetic coma Insulin shock can be described as a feeling of dizziness, sweating, and paleness Diabetic coma can be described as partial or complete loss of consciousness.

 Type 2 is related to insulin resistance It is usually suffered by older people but lately, this type occurs more frequently in younger people Obesity is the prime risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is primarily a result of poor lifestyle, dietary, and exercise habits. Its symptoms include blurred vision and fatigue Prolonged insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes can eventually leads the beta-cell in the pancreas to atrophy and stops producing insulin effectively. Insulin medication must be needed later on. 

https://drshahbazali.blogspot.com/2022/10/autoimmune-disease-immunology.html